1.15
Creating Heading Tags
Heading tags are commonly used to provide emphasis and separate the
page topcially. Continue with chem.htm and add the following headings
in the <body> section. Save the file and view
it in the browser.
<body>
<h1 align="center">Mr.
Dube's Chemistry Classes</h1>
<h2 align="center">At Robert Service
High School</h2>
<h2>Chemistry Classes</h2>
<h2>Class Policies</h2>
<h3>Grading</h3>
<h3>Appointments</h3>
<h3>Safety</h3>
</body>
Important
Info About the Browser Cache
When you request a Web page, your browser
makes a copy of the page on your hard drive. This is known as "caching."
Think of a cache like a temporary storage area or buffer. The idea is
that people generally are creatures of habit and will want to visit
the same pages frequently. By storing a copy on your local system, the
browser can retrieve the copy more quickly than the original, thereby
speeding up your surfing experience.
The problem to the designer is obvious. When you edit
your page and request to view it in the browser, the unedited version
of the page appears from the cache (if it was previously requested).
Thus, your changes won't appear unless you request to "refresh"
(Explorer) or "reload" (Netscape) from the View menu,
or by selecting the applicable option from the right-click popup menu.
In addition, although users can opt to change the frequency that the
browser checks for page updates and can optionally "clear"
the cache of outdated pages, manu users are unaware of these features
or simply don't bother with them.
1.17
Entering Paragraph Text
Another common block-level element is the <p>
tag that defines paragraphs. Even if your paragraph text needs no further
formatting, for consistency reasons, it's a good idea to get into the
habit of inserting <p> tags wherever you have a paragraph. Continue
with chem.htm and add the following paragraph under heading 1. Save
and refresh the file in the browser.
<h1 align="center">Mr. Dube's Chemistry
Classes</h1>
<p>Welcome to Mr. Dube's
Web site. I hope you will use this site to learn more about your class,
my expectations, and chemistry in the world around you.</p>
Important
Info About Text Wrapping and Line Breaks
In Notepad, you may need to choose Edit > Word Wrap
for your text to automatically wrap to the next line. Do NOT press ENTER
when you are composing a paragraph, only after you've finished a paragraph.
It's important to know that even when you press ENTER, the browser ignores
it. You can format new lines only by inserting the appropriate block-level
elements. The <p> and <h#>
tags double-space while the <br> tag single spaces
to a new line.
Add the remaining paragraphs to chem.htm. Save and refresh the file
in the browser.
<h3>Grading</h3>
<p>Homework will be given
daily, is due at the beginning of the period of the school day after
it was assigned, and will be worth 5 to 10 points. A periodic quiz consisting
of 1 or 2 homework problems from the past week may be given in lieu
of collecting homework.</p>
<p>Tests and quizzes will be used to check
your understanding of concepts, procedures, and information. Quizzes
will be worth 10 - 25 points and will be given at least once a month.
Tests will be worth up to 100 points and will be given 2 or 3 times
a quarter.</p>
<p>Labs will be worth 10 to 30 points and
will be graded on safety, participation, and write-up. I expect neat
handwritten or typed reports. I'll also assign small research projects
throughout the semester.</p>
<p>You must make up missed tests and quizzes
the day you return, and you must submit missed homework assignments
and labs within two days for every one day you missed. Failure to make
up work within these time frames will result in a 0 for that test or
assignment.</p>
<h3>Appointments</h3>
<p>I can meet with you
before or after school. I will also be in my room (H113) during most
lunch hours. Please do not hesitate to stop in if you need extra help
-- do not wait! Chemistry is a building subject, and it is very hard
to catch up once you fall behind.</p>
<h3>Safety</h3>
<p>We will be doing lab
work nearly every week. Because of the potential danger of any lab exercise,
I will hold you to the highest standards of behavior, and will remove
you from the class if you pose a threat to yourself or other students.</p>
1.22
Creating Lists
Common block-level formats include ordered (numbered)
and unordered (bulleted) lists, which use the <ol>
and <ul> tags respectively. Whichever list style
you use, the individual list items are contained in <li>
tags. The definition list <dl> is an alternative
list style that uses the <dt> (defined term)
and <dd> (definition) for individual listings.
The following are examples of each type of list and how they appear
in the browser. You'll learn more about list tag syntax and options
later in the course.
List Tags |
Results |
<ol> <li>Bread</li>
<li>Milk</li>
<li>Eggs</li>
</ol> |
- Breads
- Milk
- Eggs
|
<ul> <li>Bread</li>
<li>Milk</li>
<li>Eggs</li>
</ul> |
|
<dl> <dt>Bread
<dd>The outer part of a sandwich.</dd></dt>
<dt>Milk
<dd>A beverage not suitable for lactose intolerant
people.</dd></dt>
<dt>Eggs
<dd>A food commonly eaten for breakfast.</dd></dt>
</dl> |
- Bread
- The outer part of a sandwich
.
- Milk
- A beverage not suitable for lactose intolerant people.
- Eggs
- A food commonly eaten for breakfast.
|
Add a list to the chem.htm page as follows. Save and refresh the file
in the browser.
<h2>Chemistry Classes</h2>
<ul>
<li>Conceptual Chemistry: An introductory
course requiring basic math but no algebra</li>
<li>Chemistry I: An introductory course requiring
solid algebra skills</li>
<li>Advanced Placement Chemistry: An advanced
course requiring a grade of A or B in Chemistry I and designed for students
who want to prepare for the AP Chemistry exam (which can count toward
college credits)</li>
</ul>
Important
Info About Closing List Items
You may notice the author of the text book does not close
the <li> tag, where the examples in the online
materials do. For the most basic HTML implementation, it generally is
not a problem to omit the </li> (or </dd>
and </dt>) tags. When working with DHTML,
however, I've found many scripts do not function correctly when </li>,
</dd> and </dt> tags are omitted.
Since it doen't hurt to use them, and can hurt not to, I recommend getting
into the habit of closing all list related tags.